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A waste incineration plant is an important facility for public health as it involves the environment. Unless the waste materials are properly disposed by the waste incinerator plant, it may be a serious hazard for the community. The main type of waste incinerator plant is the moving grate type.
Waste Management
Incineration is basically a waste treatment process that concerns the burning of organic substances in a waste incineration plant. Incineration and several other high temperature waste treatment methods are known as thermal treatment. Incineration of waste substances is the conversion of the waste into ash at a fire grate and the production of flue gases, particles, and heat that may be used for the generation of electric power. Polluted flue gases are cleaned before being released to the environment. Gasification is the common incineration technology that involves recovery of energy. Incineration can also be achieved without the recovery of materials and energy. The foremost aim of the modern waste management is optimal, economical, and ecological waste treatment. Effective waste management ensures that the waste production at the source is minimized. Furthermore, utilization of the hazardous materials is minimized, and most waste is recycled. Infectious waste should be stored in the proper waste bins, before being processed by the waste incinerators.
Waste Management
Incineration is basically a waste treatment process that concerns the burning of organic substances in a waste incineration plant. Incineration and several other high temperature waste treatment methods are known as thermal treatment. Incineration of waste substances is the conversion of the waste into ash at a fire grate and the production of flue gases, particles, and heat that may be used for the generation of electric power. Polluted flue gases are cleaned before being released to the environment. Gasification is the common incineration technology that involves recovery of energy. Incineration can also be achieved without the recovery of materials and energy. The foremost aim of the modern waste management is optimal, economical, and ecological waste treatment. Effective waste management ensures that the waste production at the source is minimized. Furthermore, utilization of the hazardous materials is minimized, and most waste is recycled. Infectious waste should be stored in the proper waste bins, before being processed by the waste incinerators.
Types of Waste Materials
Waste basically implies objects or substances that are not required. Surplus substances and objects from the manufacturing and service industries are also believed to be waste materials. Waste materials are generally categorized as:
Hazardous Waste: It is waste that cannot be suitably treated with the household waste since it may involve injury or severe pollution.
Infectious Waste: This includes waste from the veterinary or medical treatments, or research involving microorganisms or toxins that may cause diseases in humans or other living organisms.
Characteristics of Waste Incineration Plants
Waste incineration plants consist of equipment used for the thermal management of waste materials. The heat of combustion may, or may not be recovered. Incineration involves the generation of thermal energy by oxidation of carbon into carbon dioxide and water. Other thermal treatment methods are gasification or plasma processes. In these systems, the substances produced are oxidized subsequently. The incinerators should essentially ensure the conversion of various compositions into matter that is not dangerous to the environment. This needs extremely effective incineration process, suitable cleaning of the flue gases, and proper removal of the dust, slag, salts, and other waste products.
Moving Grate Waste Incineration Plant
The waste incineration plants are designed according to the type of waste materials, cost, and the ecological effects produced. The most general type of waste incineration plant being used is the moving grate incinerator. This is the distinctive incineration plant used for the treatment of municipal solid waste. The moving grate allows the waste movement from the combustion chamber to ensure effective and total combustion. Moving grate incinerators are often called Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators.
The most significant part of a waste incineration plant is grate that is positioned flat or in a sloping style. A waste crane introduces the waste material from one grate end, and it moves to the ash pit located at the other end. The air for combustion is provided through the grate. This air is also used for the grate cooling. Cooling is necessary to maintain the grate strength. Air for secondary combustion is moved through the nozzles to ensure total combustion, by being turbulent and carrying excessive oxygen.
In multiple grate incinerators, the air for secondary combustion is supplied in another chamber that facilitates complete combustion. Cooling of the flue gases is arranged in the superheaters that transfer heat to steam for the generation of electric power by turbine. The waste is incinerated in three phases that is initially dried, then incinerated, and finally changed into slag. Waste material incineration involves polluting the environment by the ash and flue gases.
Article by smoothwhirl
