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The process of forcing a pile into the ground is termed as 'pile-driving'. The equipments used for this process are called as Pile Driving Equipment. The piles should be driven vertically. But a tolerance of eccentricity of 2% of the pile length is permissible. The equipments required for pile driving is as follows,
1. Pile Frames
The pile frames are generally made of steel having height varying from 10 to 25 metres or more. the pile frame should be light and easily transportable. The pileframe usually consists of platforms for supporting drivers, engines, winches, etc.,
2. Pile Hammers
The function of hammers is to impart energy to drive pile into the soil. These hammers are guided between two steel members known as leads. The heavy conventional hammers drive piles by impact. But recently, vibratory and sonic hammers have been developed which drive piles by vibration. These new hammers are well suited for driving and extracting piles in granular soils.
Various commonly used conventional hammers are,
* Drop hammers,
* Single-acting steam hammers,
* Double-acting steam hammers,
* Differential acting steam hammers,
* Diesel hammers,
* Hydraulic hammers.
3. Leads
These are also known as 'leaders' and are employed to guide the hammer and pile. For drop hammers, fixed leads are used. Leads may be movable which can be adjusted as required. Such leads are found to be more convenient.
4. Winches
These are required to lift the hammer and pile. They may be of light type with a single drum or of heavy type with double or triple drums. They may be fitted with reversing gear.
For drop hammers and pneumatic hammers, winches are driven by diesel or petrol engines or electric motors. For steam hammers, steam-powered winches should be used to lift the hammer and pile.
5. Miscellaneous
The other equipments required for the process of pile driving are, pile caps, pile extractors, packing pieces, followers, jetting equipment, steam engines, air compressors, etc.,
The pile frames are generally made of steel having height varying from 10 to 25 metres or more. the pile frame should be light and easily transportable. The pileframe usually consists of platforms for supporting drivers, engines, winches, etc.,
2. Pile Hammers
The function of hammers is to impart energy to drive pile into the soil. These hammers are guided between two steel members known as leads. The heavy conventional hammers drive piles by impact. But recently, vibratory and sonic hammers have been developed which drive piles by vibration. These new hammers are well suited for driving and extracting piles in granular soils.
Various commonly used conventional hammers are,
* Drop hammers,
* Single-acting steam hammers,
* Double-acting steam hammers,
* Differential acting steam hammers,
* Diesel hammers,
* Hydraulic hammers.
3. Leads
These are also known as 'leaders' and are employed to guide the hammer and pile. For drop hammers, fixed leads are used. Leads may be movable which can be adjusted as required. Such leads are found to be more convenient.
4. Winches
These are required to lift the hammer and pile. They may be of light type with a single drum or of heavy type with double or triple drums. They may be fitted with reversing gear.
For drop hammers and pneumatic hammers, winches are driven by diesel or petrol engines or electric motors. For steam hammers, steam-powered winches should be used to lift the hammer and pile.
5. Miscellaneous
The other equipments required for the process of pile driving are, pile caps, pile extractors, packing pieces, followers, jetting equipment, steam engines, air compressors, etc.,
